Making government great again

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ORLANDO, Florida, March 5 (Reuters) –

Making sense of the forces driving global markets It was another wild ride on the global market rollercoaster for investors on Wednesday, but this time it was a mostly thrilling rather than terrifying experience. Unless they were ‘long’ the U.S. dollar or German bonds.

European stocks and the euro surged on news that fiscally conservative Germany is preparing a historic defense and infrastructure spending splurge that could be worth 20% of its GDP. Wall Street then got in on the act, lifted by U.S. service sector figures and after the Trump administration postponed tariffs on auto imports from Canada and Mexico.

In Asia, meanwhile, China confirmed it will ramp up stimulus this year to ensure its 5% growth target is met. This will widen the budget deficit out to a record 4% of GDP. Government spending is back in vogue, which is a good thing, right? More on that below.

Markets breathed a huge sigh of relief on Wednesday, reflected in the rally in risky assets. But the dollar sank again – it is now down year-to-date against all its G10 counterparts, even the Canadian dollar – and German bond yields rose by a record amount.

As long as Washington’s chaotic ‘on-off, on-off’ tariff policy persists, a fog of nervous uncertainty and heightened volatility will hang over markets. But Wednesday was a brighter day.

* German stocks have their best day in as much as three years, with the benchmark Dax rising 3.4% and the midcap MDax index surging 6%.

* Germany’s 10-year yield explodes 30 basis points, its biggest rise since before the euro was launched in 1999.

* The euro rises more than 1% for a third day in a row, something it hasn’t done for almost a decade.

* U.S. stocks jump – Wall Street’s three main indices rise more than 1% – as the Trump administration delays auto tariffs on Canada and Mexico.

* Emerging market FX jumps, led by a 2% spike in the Brazilian real as local markets re-open after Carnival holiday.

Maybe government spending isn’t so bad after all It has been an extraordinary 24 hours for government spending.

Germany has given the green light for an unprecedented fiscal splurge worth 1 trillion euros that has been warmly welcomed by the market, at the same time investors are becoming increasingly anxious about the tightening purse strings on the other side of the Atlantic.

This fiscal binge is coming not during an economic crisis like the pandemic recession in 2020, the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 or euro zone debt crisis in 2011-12. German growth may have ground to a halt, but there is no economic panic.

The fiscal taps are being opened, in large part, because of a shifting geopolitical order, as President Donald Trump’s ambivalence toward the continent has exposed Europe’s security vulnerabilities.

In response, Germany’s likely incoming Chancellor Friedrich Merz has proposed the biggest spending spree since reunification in 1990. Defense and infrastructure outlays could amount to roughly 1 trillion euros, or 20% of GDP, and Berlin is also set to relax its ‘debt brake’ fiscal rule that has long hampered government expenditure.

There are several layers of irony in the stunning proposals from Germany, which has long been synonymous with inflation-fearing fiscal conservatism at home and vehement opposition to perceived budgetary ‘indiscipline’ across the euro zone.

But Berlin’s shackles are off, and governments across Europe are likely to follow suit, increasing spending on defense and other sectors, giving the region an even greater fiscal boost.

The approach to public spending is quite different in Washington, where Trump has given Elon Musk carte blanche to take a chainsaw to the U.S. federal budget. Private sector good, public sector bad.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent insists that the seemingly robust U.S. economy is “brittle” under the surface because GDP has been artificially enhanced by the previous administration’s fiscal largesse.

And on Sunday, Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said government spending has historically “messed” with GDP and should be stripped from GDP figures altogether. This would be a complete rejection of standard practice since the 1940s, but given some of the Trump administration’s other radical proposals, it’s certainly possible.

While Lutnick’s comments are probably ill-advised, Bessent may have a point. Total government spending in 2023 and 2024, including federal, state, and local government, rose 3.9% and 3.4%, respectively, meaning it did play a large role in helping the U.S. achieve real GDP growth of 2.9% and 2.8%, respectively, in the past two years.

But even if this growth was supported by fiscal spending, it was still strong and has helped keep unemployment anchored near its lowest levels in over half a century.

How are markets reacting to the news from Berlin? They’re loving it.

Germany’s Dax leaped 3.4% on Wednesday for its best day in nearly two and a half years, and the euro’s rise brought its gains this week close to 4%. A host of global investment banks have raised their euro forecasts and upgraded their outlook for German and euro zone growth.

True, with a budget deficit of under 3% of GDP and debt worth 63% of GDP, Germany has far more ‘fiscal space’ than the U.S., with its 6% deficit and 120% debt.

The positive equity and currency market reaction to Berlin’s moves makes sense, although soaring euro zone bond yields and negative swap spreads point to some investor caution around the spending splurge.

But overall, markets are showing that government has an important part to play in making growth great again.

What could move markets tomorrow?

* ECB policy decision, ECB president Christine Lagarde’s press conference

* China trade figures (February)

* U.S. trade figures (January)

* Fed Governor Christopher Waller speaks at WSJ event in New York

* U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent speaks at The Economic Club of New York

If you have more time to read today, here are a few articles I recommend to help you make sense of what happened in markets today.

1. Haven no more? Dollar ‘smile’ looks lopsided: Mike Dolan

2. Spending U-turn puts Germany back in Europe’s driving seat

3. Trump administration disbands two expert panels on economic data

4. Euro surge has traders burning parity bets as Europe ramps up spending

5. Markets wrestle with Trump’s unconventional debt ideas

I’d love to hear from you, so please reach out to me with comments at . You can also follow me at [@ReutersJamie and @reutersjamie.bsky.social.]

Opinions expressed are those of the author. They do not reflect the views of Reuters News, which, under the Trust Principles, is committed to integrity, independence, and freedom from bias.

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(Writing by Jamie McGeever; Editing by Bill Berkrot)