Inspired by an ancient Persian engineering technique, pontoon bridges are at the heart of this year’s Maha Kumbh, connecting the Sangam and the expansive 4,000-hectare ‘akhada’ area across 25 vibrant sectors. Constructed over a year by a 1,000-member workforce, these 30 pontoon bridges are touted as the largest project of their kind.
Over 2,200 iron pontoons, weighing five tonnes each, form the backbone of these structures, capable of withstanding up to five tonnes of weight. Facilitating the movement of millions of pilgrims, vehicles, and sadhus, the bridges ensure seamless connectivity at the world’s largest spiritual congregation.
Engineering feat and historical context
Pontoon bridges trace their origins to 480 BC, when Persian King Xerxes I used them during his invasion of Greece. Similar designs appeared in China during the Zhou dynasty. In India, the concept was first utilized for the old Howrah Bridge in 1874.
Professor Yogeshwar Tiwari of Allahabad University highlighted the historical significance, saying, “Pontoon bridges have been a cornerstone of engineering for centuries, evolving from simple floating structures to secure, robust marvels.”
Construction and safety measures
The Uttar Pradesh government employed advanced techniques to construct these low-maintenance, buoyancy-based bridges. PWD Chief Engineer A.K. Dwivedi explained, “Each bridge underwent rigorous testing to ensure safety. They are monitored round-the-clock through CCTV cameras linked to an Integrated Command and Control Centre.”
The bridges, some spanning up to 180 pontoons, were built at a cost of ₹17.31 crore. The most expensive, connecting Shri Nagvasuki Temple to Jhusi, cost ₹1.13 crore.
Role in Maha Kumbh
The Maha Kumbh, spanning 45 days and attracting over seven crore pilgrims, relies heavily on these pontoon bridges. Alok Kumar, an engineer involved in the project, shared, “These bridges were built to handle the grand entry of 13 akhadas, chariots, elephants, and thousands of vehicles during the Amrit Snan.”
After the event, the bridges will be dismantled and stored for future use, showcasing their sustainable design. As millions continue to converge on Prayagraj, the pontoon bridges stand as a testament to the blend of ancient ingenuity and modern engineering.
